Some people can’t be bothered to read the analog face of a traditional clock. Some people cannot stand the low frequency “hum” of mains current. If you are in either of those categories, you probably ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Low power design has become a cornerstone of modern integrated circuit development, driven by energy efficiency demands and the challenges of scaling in nanometre technologies. Innovations in ...

Field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes have been shown to be faster and less energy consuming than their silicon counterparts. However, ensuring these advantages are maintained for ...

Non-volatile bistable memory circuits pave the way for highly energy-efficient CMOS logic systems. Non-volatile bistable memory circuits being developed by Satoshi Sugahara and his team at Tokyo Tech ...

Any typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions implementation. Naturally, CMOS always ought to provide INVERTED outputs like ...