This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract When an individual’s reproductive success relies on winning fights to secure mating opportunities, bearing larger weapons is advantageous.

The relation between an organism’s DNA sequence and its fitness is extremely complex, being mediated by gene expression, physiology, development and behaviour, all in interaction with the environment.

Analyses of more than 2000 marked barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) in the largest Baltic colony, Sweden, showed that structurally large females generally produced larger clutches and larger eggs, ...