Grid reference, distance and scale are key features of map reading. Learn how to use these skills in this guide for students aged 11 to 14 from BBC Bitesize.

A full grid reference needs two six-digit numbers, giving a position to the nearest metre. The grid reference of the spire of Dublin in the old system is (315904, 234671).

When put together, these two sets of numbers give the four-figure grid reference. For example, if the easting is 47 and the northing is 33, the grid reference is 47 33.