As this date approached, Gladstone wrote to friends in the Foreign Office in 1837 and obtained permission to recruit “hill coolies from Bengal” to work his land – a replacement for slave ...

The manager of Plantation Bellevue would file official complaints “against two Hill Coolie labourers for contumacious disobedience of orders, refusing to perform their work, and instigating othe ...

On board, there were around 36 Hill Coolies of the Dhangar tribe from Bihar in eastern India. These indentured labourers were introduced by George Arbuthnot, who represented Hunter-Arbuthnot ...

The term jahaji situates the kala pani odyssey into central focus, for good reason, considering that the first batch of Gladstone’s “hill coolies” spent more than three months traversing ...

On 10th September 1834, 36 Hill Coolies of the Dhangar caste (originally from the hills of Bihar in eastern India who were then living in Calcutta) signed a five-year labour contract with George ...

1856 - 1874 China’s loss of control over its own seaports (Treaty Ports) including British regulation of Chinese emigration -- is the necessary condition for the beginning of the Chinese Coolie ...

On board, there were around 36 Hill Coolies of the Dhangar tribe from Bihar in eastern India. These indentured labourers were introduced by George Arbuthnot, who represented Hunter-Arbuthnot ...