which enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root. Some of these nerve fibers form connections with other nerves in the dorsal horn, whereas some fibers directly continue up to the brain.

Nociception can be amplified by dorsal-root ganglia and changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (top inset). The afferent neurons are sensitized by the sprouting of new axons around the cell ...

These nerve fibers carry the impulse to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and via the cells carrying the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), to the thalamus and other areas in the brain.

In most vertebrates, painful sensations are known to arise from the nervous system, which includes the brain, an intricate network of nerves and the spinal cord. While the brain's contribution to ...

Scientists can make high resolution images of the human spinal cord during surgery. The advancement could help bring real relief to millions suffering chronic back pain. With technology developed ...