The mantle transition zone (MTZ), which occurs 410–670 kilometers below Earth's surface, may store several oceans' worth of water. This water, which is carried to such depths by subducting tectonic ...

The resulting tidal forces heated up its interior and thus powered the violent volcanism. Only Jupiter's moon Io, by far the most volcanically active body in the solar system, offers comparable ...

According to the volcanism hypothesis, this global-scale volcanic activity spewed so much gas, ash, and dust into the atmosphere that it kept sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. Temperature ...

Yellowstone volcanism has produced some of the youngest rocks in North America. This same region also features some of the ...

Most volcanism on Earth occurs beneath the oceans, but submarine volcanoes are difficult to study. Advances in seafloor monitoring have opened up an unprecedented view of eruptions on the seabed.