Observations on nodal and loop analysis that can save a fair amount of scribbling of equations when using Kirchhoff's laws. In a previous Idea for Design, Anshi Chen outlined a method for analyzing ...

This reference design shows how to develop a high-performance, high-voltage 2- or 3-wire 4–20mA current-loop transmitter suitable for industrial process control and ...

Editor’s note: This month we are pleased to have Colin Wells from Texas Instruments as our blogger. In modern industrial control systems, 4-20 mA current-loop transmitters remain one of the most ...

The I/O capabilities built into most microcontrollers make it easy to measure the analog world. Say you want to build a data logger for temperature. All you need to do is get some kind of sensor that ...

The essentials of current-mode-control modeling. What are modified average models? Verifying new LTspice models for different, previously unsupported power-supply topologies. When a power-supply ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...