Part 2 addresses coupling factor, signal propagation delay, maximum coupling, and vector analysis. Part 3 covers the derivation of parameters, including S parameters, and conclusions derived from this ...

The phase determines the oscillation frequency, and gain is a criterion for oscillation to exist. The four poles in the loop equation each contribute –45° phase shift accumulating the required total ...

Figure 1 shows a schematic of the experimental set-up as well as the level scheme. A cloud of laser-cooled 85 Rb atoms serves as the nonlinear optical medium, with the probe and coupling beams passing ...