The result is so-called hydrogen-like tin, i.e. tin ions that - similar to hydrogen - contain only one electron in the atomic shell. This was possible with the help of the Heidelberg-Ebit, in which a ...

The investigation revealed that conventional PCBM, a fullerene derivative used in the electron transport layer, induces band bending at the interface with tin-based perovskite, facilitating charge ...

Schematic diagrams of structures of solar cells, films, and molecules for RP Sn-based PSCs. Credit: npj Flexible Electronics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41528-024-00376-2 ...

News Release 3-Jun-2025 Enhanced efficiency in tin-based perovskite solar cells: optimizing the electron transport layer Peer-Reviewed Publication University of Tsukuba ...