In most ecosystems, the sun is the source of energy that producers use to create energy. But in a few rare cases—such as ecosystems found in rocks deep beneath the ground—bacterial producers ...

We might think of flow webs as a type of food web that combines the quantitative aspects of trophic-level energy flow with the species-level detail often observed in connectivity webs (e.g., Closs ...

An energy-flow diagram and analog simulation depict the major structural characteristics of the fishery and its potential response to perturbation. Extrapolation from good primary production data ...

The energy flow through the ecosystem of a typical Apatani village in Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India was studied. The energy and economic efficiency of the rice agro-ecosystem of this region ...