After encountering antigen in the periphery and under the influence of the cytokine milieu present, CD4 + T cells can further differentiate into subtypes, including Th1, Th2 and Th17. T cells seem ...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder that disrupts the communication between nerves and muscles. It typically leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness, drooping eyelids, ...

Methods We measured peripheral blood helper T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg)) in patients with MOGAD (n=26), AQPAD (n=32) and MS (n=28) in the attack and remission phases by ...

Suppression of Th1 functions should shift the balance of Th1 versus Th2-mediated functions toward the Th2 cells. [50] Thus, VD should aggravate the Th2-mediated atopic diseases but in clinical ...

Introduction Th1 and Th17 pathways are implicated in Crohn's disease (CD). In operative resection samples healthy ileum shows high TGFβ levels in patients who develop recurrence, with TGFβ being a ...

We propose that anti-CTLA-4 therapy induces peripheral expansion of Th17 cells followed by IL-12–driven conversion into Th1-like effectors (Th17→Th1 plasticity). This dual process potentiates ...

We also found that GM-CSF is mainly produced by Th1-like cells in RA joints, further highlighting the difference in immune pathogenesis between humans and mice. In the latter, GM-SCF is associated ...

Receptor specificities were determined by analysis of the Th1-specific IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), Th17-specific IL-23R and the common IL-12Rβ1 chain expression. Effects of IL-17 or IFNγ on IL-6, IL ...

Here we address how microbiota development in infants is affected by mode of delivery, and relate differences in colonisation patterns to the maturation of a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Design ...

SLE non-classic monocytes displayed a T cell differentiation-related phenotype, with Th17-regulating features. Changes in monocyte proportions, DNA methylation and expression occurred in relation to ...