As far as the system goes, the team developed a speech translation model capable of running in real-time on an Apple M2 silicon, achieving real-time inference. Audio duties were handled by a pair ...

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from M2 microglia (M2-microglia–derived small extracellular vesicles [M2-sEVs]) contribute to central nervous system repair, although the underlying ...

Activated microglia polarize into either classic pro-inflammatory M1 or protective M2 microglia following ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Melatonin is protective immediately after ...

Microglia can be categorized into two opposite types: classical (M1) or alternative (M2), though there’s a continuum of different intermediate phenotypes between M1 and M2, and microglia can transit ...

Microglia exhibit dual phenotypes when activated. Whereas M1 is considered the classically activated state, M2 is the alternately activated state. The M1 phenotype is involved in neuroinflammation ...

Microglia/macrophage activation is previously reported to be involved in various ocular diseases. However, the separate role of M1/M2 phenotype microglia/macrophage in the pathological process of ...

In the present study, we investigated whether CISD2 attenuation influences anti-inflammatory effects and M1-M2 polarization in microglia. Materials and Methods: The knockdown of CISD2 expression by ...

Researchers used to divide microglia neatly between an M1 phenotype that promotes inflammation, and a more beneficial M2 phenotype that specializes in phagocytosis. This simple schema is being ...

Here we show that inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) exerts robust structural and functional protection of white matter in a murine model of TBI/WMI by polarizing microglia/macrophages toward ...

We found that a switch from an M1- to an M2-dominant response occurred in microglia and peripherally derived macrophages as remyelination started. Oligodendrocyte differentiation was enhanced in ...