Abstract: A novel optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) transmission system with all-optical exclusive or (XOR) encryption architecture is proposed and demonstrated. This all-optical system ...

In this paper, various CMOS circuits, including inverters, NAND, NOR, XOR, d-latches, full adders, and 7-, 11-, 21-, and 51-stage ring oscillators (ROs), are fabricated based on sputtered p-type tin ...