Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants’ immune escape and vaccine escape ability. We have illustrated a broad view related to viral evolution, variants, and immune escape ability. Subsequently, different immune escape approaches of SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed.

Antigenic escape, immune escape, immune evasion or escape mutation occurs when the immune system of a host, especially of a human being, is unable to respond to an infectious agent: the host's immune system is no longer able to recognize and eliminate a pathogen, such as a virus.

Mar 11, 2025 · The virus will continue to evolve new ways to try to get around immune defenses. But most people's immune systems are able to keep the virus in check by learning from mild infections and vaccinations.

Jan 18, 2023 · To date, five SARS-CoV-2 variants have been declared variants of concern (VOCs) by the World Health Organization (and national public health agencies) on the basis that they exhibit...

Jan 11, 2025 · Viruses have developed tactics to escape detection and neutralization by the host’s immune system. These strategies reflect an evolutionary arms race between host defenses and viral ingenuity. One tactic involves altering viral antigens.

Mar 31, 2025 · This cover art depicts SARS-CoV-2's novel immune escape strategy, where Spike-NTD binds with the host fibrinogen, shielding the virus from NTD-directed antibodies and facilitating immune evasion.

Jan 16, 2025 · This review summarizes the recent research progress on the novel coronavirus's main proteases, including the pivotal role of M pro in the virus's life cycle, the structure and catalytic mechanism of M pro, the self-maturation mechanism of M pro, the role of M pro in virus immune escape, the current methods of developing antiviral drugs ...

Mar 31, 2025 · Immune escape is the driving force underlying virus evolution and continued circulation when neutralizing antibodies principally bind to confined regions of immunodominance, as described above. These sites include the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza viruses, for example, or regions of the RBD within the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

5 days ago · Fighting Viruses and Immune Dysfunction. The goal is to identify new mechanisms that cells can use to block or prevent a virus from replicating, while also better understanding how to address the misregulation of immune responses, often associated with genetic diseases and immune dysfunction. Indeed, mutations in PACT lead to dystonia, a rare ...

Jan 17, 2025 · By frequently mutating these antigens, viruses can escape recognition by antibodies, rendering previous immune responses ineffective. This antigenic variation is prominently observed in influenza viruses, leading to the necessity for annual vaccine updates.